python字符串格式化

Format

Format String Syntax

replacement_field ::=  "{" [field_name] ["!" conversion] [":" format_spec] "}"
field_name        ::=  arg_name ("." attribute_name | "[" element_index "]")*
arg_name          ::=  [identifier | integer]
attribute_name    ::=  identifier
element_index     ::=  integer | index_string
index_string      ::=  <any source character except "]"> +
conversion        ::=  "r" | "s" | "a"
format_spec       ::=  <described in the next section>

field_name

Format

arg_name: 默认为integer类型，从0到1; integer表示参数位置，identifier表示参数的key值
attribute: 表示参数对象的属性
element_index: 表示参数对象的index值

Example

"First, thou shalt count to {0}" # References first positional argument
"Bring me a {}"                  # Implicitly references the first positional argument
"From {} to {}"                  # Same as "From {0} to {1}"
"My quest is {name}"             # References keyword argument 'name'
"Weight in tons {0.weight}"      # 'weight' attribute of first positional arg
"Units destroyed: {players[0]}"  # First element of keyword argument 'players'.

conversion

Format

!s : 调用str()
!r : 调用repr()
!a : 调用ascii()

Example

1
2
3

"Harold's a clever {0!s}"        # Calls str() on the argument first
"Bring out the holy {name!r}"    # Calls repr() on the argument first
"More {!a}"                      # Calls ascii() on the argument first

format_spec

format_spec中不能包含conversion，内嵌format_spec
format specification(说明书)率属于语言—Format Specification Mini-Language

format

format_spec ::= [[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]
fill ::= <any character>
align ::= "<" | ">" | "=" | "^"
sign ::= "+" | "-" | " "
width ::= integer
precision ::= integer
type ::= "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" |